BRSTM vs BCSTM vs BFSTM — Nintendo Audio Format Comparison
Nintendo Audio Format Evolution
Nintendo has used three major audio container formats across console generations. They share the same basic structure, each optimized for its target hardware.
Quick Comparison
| Feature | BRSTM | BCSTM | BFSTM |
|---|---|---|---|
| Console | Wii (2006) | 3DS (2011) | Wii U / Switch |
| Max Channels | 2 | 2 | Up to 8 |
| Codecs | ADPCM, PCM16 | ADPCM, PCM16 | ADPCM, PCM16, DSP |
| Loop Support | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Signature | "RSTM" | "CSTM" | "FSTM" |
| Sample Rate | Up to 48kHz | Up to 48kHz | Up to 48kHz |
BRSTM (Wii)
Designed for Wii in 2006. Uses 4-bit ADPCM encoding. Stereo only. Best for: Wii modding, Dolphin emulator, Mario Kart Wii, Project M.
BCSTM (3DS)
Introduced with 3DS. Very similar to BRSTM with mobile hardware optimizations. Best for: 3DS homebrew, custom themes, Luma3DS.
BFSTM (Wii U / Switch)
Newest format. Up to 8 channels. Higher quality DSP-ADPCM encoding. Best for: Switch homebrew, Smash Ultimate mods, Yuzu/Cemu emulators.
Which Format to Use?
- Targeting Wii or Dolphin? → BRSTM
- Targeting 3DS or Citra? → BCSTM
- Targeting Wii U or Switch? → BFSTM
- Want the most future-proof format? → BFSTM
All three can be created with the BGM Box converter — just select your output format.